The three-phase AC power supply for a three-phase motor is a crucial component of its operation. It provides the electrical energy needed to drive the motor. Here's how the three-phase AC power supply works:

Three-Phase AC Power Generation: Three-phase AC power is typically generated at power plants using alternators or generators specifically designed for three-phase output. These generators have three separate sets of windings, often referred to as "phases" or "legs." Each winding generates an alternating current (AC) waveform.

Phase Separation: The key characteristic of three-phase power is the 120-degree phase separation between the three phases. This means that the AC voltage waveforms in each phase are offset by 120 degrees from each other in terms of electrical phase. This phase separation is crucial to the operation of three-phase motors.

Distribution: The generated three-phase power is then transmitted through power lines and transformers to various industrial and commercial locations. The power lines typically consist of three conductors or wires, which are labeled as "Phase A," "Phase B," and "Phase C." These conductors carry the three phases of AC voltage.

Connection to the Motor: In a three-phase motor, the three stator windings within the motor are connected to the three phases of the AC power supply. Each winding is typically connected to one of the three phases. Phase A connects to one winding, Phase B to another, and Phase C to the third. This connection creates a balanced three-phase electrical system.

Creation of Rotating Magnetic Field: When the three-phase AC voltage is applied to the stator windings, it generates a rotating magnetic field within the motor's stator. The key to this operation is the 120-degree phase difference between the phases. As each phase alternates in voltage, it produces a magnetic field in the stator core. The combination of the three-phase magnetic fields results in a rotating magnetic field.

Rotor Interaction: The rotating magnetic field produced by the stator interacts with the rotor (the rotating part of the motor). In an induction motor, the rotor's conductive bars or cage respond to the changing magnetic field by inducing a current. This induced current creates its own magnetic field, which interacts with the stator's rotating magnetic field. The interaction between the two magnetic fields produces a torque on the rotor, causing it to rotate.

Synchronization: The speed of rotation of the three-phase motor is determined by the frequency of the AC power supply and the number of poles in the motor's construction. The motor will operate at a speed closely related to the frequency of the three-phase power supply. For example, in regions with 60 Hz power, common motor speeds include 3600, 1800, or 1200 RPM for motors with 2, 4, or 6 poles, respectively.

The three-phase AC power supply for a three-phase motor operates by generating three separate phases of AC voltage, each with a 120-degree phase separation. When this power supply is applied to the motor's stator windings, it creates a rotating magnetic field. The interaction between this rotating magnetic field and the rotor results in mechanical motion, driving the motor's operation. The phase displacement between the three phases is essential for maintaining a continuously rotating magnetic field, which is critical for the motor's smooth and efficient operation.